Germany summoned the Russian ambassador on Friday to protest what it described as a significant escalation in Moscow’s hybrid activities, including cyberattacks that targeted the country’s air traffic control system in the summer of 2024 and a disinformation campaign ahead of the recent Bundestag elections.

A spokesperson for the German Foreign Ministry said the summons was issued in response to “continued attacks against Germany by Russia,” adding that Berlin had delivered a formal protest and called the activities “unacceptable.”