English Premier League clubs have spent nearly £1.63 billion (€1.87 billion) on player transfers since the summer window opened in early June, according to data from football analytics website Transfermarkt.

The league’s traditional “Big Six” — Liverpool, Manchester City, Arsenal, Chelsea, Manchester United, and Tottenham Hotspur — have accounted for the majority of the spending, collectively surpassing the £1 billion (€1.14 billion) mark.

Liverpool, the reigning Premier League champions, lead the spending table with €307.69 million invested in new signings as clubs seek to bolster their squads ahead of the 2025 season.